Subject Code:53008 L:3 T/P/D:1 Credits:3 Int. Marks:25 Ext. Marks:75 Total Marks:100
UNIT I: Fluid statics:
Dimensions and units: physical properties of fluids- specific gravity, viscosity surface tension- vapor pressure and their influence on fluid motion- atmospheric gauge and vacuum pressure –measurement of pressure- Piezometer, U-tube and differential manometers.
UNIT II: Fluid kinematics: & Fluid dynamics:
Fluid kinematics: stream line, path line and streak lines and stream tube, classification of flows-steady & unsteady, uniform, non uniform, laminar, turbulent, rotational, and irrotational flows-equation of continuity for one dimensional flow.
Fluid dynamics: surface and body forces –Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations for flow along a stream line, momentum equation and its application on force on pipe bend.
UNIT III: Closed conduit flow:
Reynold’s experiment- Darcy Weisbach equation- Minor losses in pipes- pipes in series and pipes in parallel- total energy line-hydraulic gradient line. Measurement of flow: pilot tube, venturimeter, and orifice meter, Flow nozzle, Turbine flow meter (Ref.4)
UNIT IV: Basics of turbo machinery:
hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined, and curved vanes, jet striking centrally and at tip, velocity diagrams, work don and efficiency, flow over radial vanes.
UNIT V: Hydroelectric power stations:
Elements of hydro electric power station-types-concept of pumped storage plants-storage requirements, mass curve (explanation only) estimation of power developed from a given catchment area; heads and efficiencies.
UNIT VI: Hydraulic Turbines:
classification of turbines, impulse and reaction turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine-working proportions, work done, efficiencies , hydraulic design –draft tube- theory- functions and efficiency.
UNIT VII: Performance of hydraulic turbines:
Geometric similarity, Unit and specific quantities, characteristic curves, governing of turbines, selection of type of turbine, cavitation, surge tank, water hammer.
UNIT VIII: Centrifugal pumps:
classification, working, work done – manomertic head- losses and efficiencies- specific speed- pumps in series and parallel-performance characteristic curves, NPSH. Reciprocating pumps: Working, Discharge, slip, indicator diagrams
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Hydraulics, fluid mechanics and Hydraulic machinery MODI and SETH.
2. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by Rajput.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering by D.S. Kumar, Kotaria & Sons.
2. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery by D. Rama Durgaiah, New Age International.
3. Hydraulic Machines by Banga & Sharma, Khanna Publishers.
4. Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements by James W. Dally, William E. Riley ,John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2004 (Chapter 12 – Fluid Flow Measurements)